Neural activity in dopaminergic areas such as the ventral tegmental area is influenced by timing processes, in particular by the temporal expectation of rewards during Pavlovian conditioning.Receipt of a reward at the expected time allows to compute reward-prediction errors which can drive learning in motor or cognitive structures.Reciprocally, dop
PurposeTo systematically compare the efficacy and safety of lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) with the efficacy and safety of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDDD).MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched for the period from the est
Background: PIK3CA pathways are the most frequently mutated oncogenic pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including virally driven HNCs.PIK3CA is involved in the PI3K-PTEN-mTOR signalling pathway.PIK3CA has been implicated in atlanta braves junk headband HNSCC progression and PIK3CA mutations may serve as predictive biomarkers
Reliable assessment of airborne infrasound emitted by natural momo lesmo one and technical sources has been gaining importance, while technology is limited and regulations are not sufficient in the infrasound frequency range.This paper provides a comparison of measurement microphones and microbarometers used for infrasound measurements in the field